Sahiti Swots

☆  Corrosion ⇛ What is corrosion ? ↠ Slow destruction of metals due to chemical reactions on their surface by oxygen, carbon dioxide , moisture etc. in the atmosphere , is known as  corrosion  of metals . Some examples - 1. Rusting Of Iron : Rust is an iron oxide, a usually reddish-brown oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture .  General formula of rust is Fe 2 O 3 ⋅ n H 2 0  .     - What does the 'n' signify ?        As rust forms when pure iron is in contact with the atmospheric moisture , there will be some water molecules trapped in it but we can't be sure so as to how many water molecules will be there . So 'n' here means 'a number of water molecules'  2. Rancidity : The oxidation of oil on fat in a food resulting in a bad smell and taste , it becomes harmful to eat . Methods to prevent corrosion : 1. Galvanization  : The process of applying zinc on the I...

There are two types of properties of matter . Microscopic and Macroscopic . Microscopic properties arise from the independent behavior of a substance . In this topic , We'll only discuss about Macroscopic properties.   ⇛   Macroscopic properties of matter :- - These are the properties of the system which arise from the bulk behavior of a substance . Like Pressure Volume Mass      etc.... 1. Extensive properties : Those properties whose magnitude depends upon the extent (or) amount of a substance are classified under extensive properties Eg: Heat , Internal Energy , Mass , Volume and so on . 2. Intensive properties :    Those properties whose magnitude doesn't depend on the quantity of a substance are classified under intensive properties Eg: Temperature , Viscosity , Concentration , Pressure and so on . ⇒ State Function : State function's magnitude (or) value depends on the state of the system but doesn't depend on the path followed . Eg:  Pressur...

Previously , we have discussed all about Conductors and Electrolytes Now , we'll be diving straight into the First main topic of Electrochemistry and that is Electrolysis ! Electrolysis  is defined as the process of decomposing ionic compounds into their respective elements by passing a direct electric current through the compound in a fluid form .  - What does that mean ?  When electricity is passed through an electrolytic solution , the ions move towards the electrodes according to the charges . That is , cations to cathode and anions to anode . - Electrolysis is carried out in Electrolytic cell - What is an Electrolytic cell ?  It is a setup in which there are two electrodes , anode and cathode respectively . Anode is connected to the negative terminal while cathode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery . This is how an electrolytic cell looks . We'll discuss about some terms which are mentioned in the diagram above like Salt Bridge , and the differ...

〜   How do Glow Sticks Work ? -  We've been using glow sticks from a long time but how do they work ? How do they emit light when flexed ?   A glow stick is a short term light source which  consists a tiny, brittle , translucent container within a flexible outer container. Each container holds a different solution so as to prevent the mixing of the chemicals . When the outer container is flexed, the inner container breaks, allowing the solutions to combine(react) which in turn emits light due to chemiluminescence .  - What is chemiluminescence ? Chemiluminescence is the process of emission of light when a chemical reaction takes place . It is used for various purposes from making children toys to DNA sequencing . #A fun thing is that  cooling a glow stick somewhat slows the reaction and causes it to last longer , but the light will dimmer .  T he dyes used in glow sticks usually exhibit fluorescence  when exposed to U ltraviolet  radiation wh...

What is Thermodynamics ? Thermo - Heat , Dynamics - Flow Therefore , thermodynamics literally means heat flow .  - It mainly deals with various forms of energy and their conversion  ( heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter . ) #Basics : System- A system is a part of universe which is under observation . Imagine that you are holding this book and observing the color of it ⟶ 📕 Then this particular book will be your system Surrounding- The remaining part of the universe (excluding the system) is known as surrounding .  Let the book we took earlier be placed on a table in a classroom . Then , the entire universe except the book we were observing (📕)will be the surrounding Boundary- The surface separating system and surrounding is known as a boundary .  ✱  Note - System can be gaseous , rigid or liquid                   - Boundaries can be b...

Think about it                Imagine that you went to a party and had lots of fast food . As soon as you reached home , your stomach started paining due to acidity .  [ Acidity , also called as acid reflux , happens when the stomach produces HCl more than necessary for digestion . The excess acid comes up the esophagus leading to a burning sensation near the chest area ]  The homemade remedy for Acidity is to drink cold milk . Let's recall what we learnt previously in our childhood , that is , the active component of milk is Lactic Acid (C 3 H 5 O 2 OH) ! The fascinating yet confusing thing about this remedy is that we are using an acid(Lactic acid) to neutralize another acid(HCl) !! We will understand why this happens after we learn  Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory  .  Both  Brønsted and Lowry gave a theory (individually) stating that Acid :-    Any compound which has the tendency to donate a p...